ADIT

__Cosmetic Animal Testing - Cosmetic Industry__. 2003-2009 12/1/09 . **Dara Demich**
 * 1) testing eye shadows and soaps on animals
 * 2) some test cause problems to the animals like liver problems, swollen eyelids, ulceration and bleeding
 * 3) 50% of the animals die 2 or 3 week after the experimentation
 * 4) some companies do animal testing for publicity
 * 5) 75% of Americans for against cosmetic testing on animals
 * 6) cosmetic products is starting to decreasing tested on animals and start to tested on the human volunteers
 * 7) Avon was the first company to stop testing their products on animals
 * 8) The animals are said to have a different distribution of fine blood vessels and their skin does not react in the same way to the tests as that of a human
 * 9) testing on animals is very costly
 * 10) protecting human health is the main reason for carrying out the cosmetic testing on animals
 * 11) The cosmetic animal testing also enables the company to maintain a competitiveness over the other companies
 * 12) It causes severe allergic reactions to the tested animals
 * 13) cosmetic testing on animals is less reliable
 * 14) alternatives ways of testing are cell cultures, tissue cultures, corneas from the eye banks and sophisticated computer models
 * 15) In European countries about 38,000 animals are used every year for cosmetics testing.
 * 16) companies
 * 17) Boots
 * 18) Yardley
 * 19) Revlon
 * 20) Avon
 * 21) Gamble
 * 22) Johnson and Johnson
 * 23) Gillette
 * 24) Beauticontrol cosmetics
 * 25) Estee lauders

"Update: Animal Testing." //Issues & Controversies On File:// n. pag. //Issues & Controversies//. Facts On File News Services, 31 Mar. 2006. Web. 3 Dec. 2009. []
 * Dara Demich**

1. Rabbits in pioneering work leading to the development of the first birth-control pill 2. Animals are widely seen as useful subjects for medical experimentation because they are so genetically similar to human beings 3. animal testing is a multibillion-dollar industry in the U.S. Companies supplying animal s 4. Every year an estimated 30 million animal s are used in biomedical experiments and research projects 5. rug Administration requires that all newly developed drugs both over-the-counter and prescription be tested on animal s before being approved for humans 6. The US Department of Agriculture which oversees animal research law requires that researchers administer painkillers to lab animal s unless those drugs would skew the results of the test 7. mice, rats and birds which comprise more than 90% of the animal s tested in the U.S are exempt from the law that painkiller are to be used unless they skew the test up by the US Department of Agriculture

__Uncaged Protecting Animals__. Feb.2009 FCOD. 12.04.09 . __Companies that use animal testing__ __Companies that don’t use animal testing__
 * Dara Demich**
 * 1)  Beiersdorf
 * 2)  the body shop
 * 3)  Chanel
 * 4)  Christion Dior
 * 5)  Clinique
 * 6)  Colgate Palmolive
 * 7)  Coty
 * 8)  Ecover
 * 9)  Garnier
 * 10)  Givenchy
 * 11)  GlaxoSmithKline
 * 12)  Helena Rubenstein
 * 13)  Jeyes
 * 14)  Lancome
 * 15)  lever Faberge
 * 16)  Nestle
 * 17)  miners cosmetics
 * 18)  PZ Cussons
 * 19)  Reckitt Benckiser
 * 20)  Revlon
 * 21)  sc Johnson
 * 22)  Yardley
 * 23)  Yves Rocher
 * 24)  Yves Saint Laurent
 * 25)  Unilever
 * 1) ** Avalon Natural Products **
 * 2) ** Barry M Cosmetics **
 * 3) ** Beauty without Cruelty **
 * 4) ** Bio-D **
 * 5) ** Daniel Field **
 * 6) ** Faith in Nature **
 * 7) ** Green People **
 * 8) ** Honesty Cosmetics **
 * 9) ** Jason Natural Cosmetics **
 * 10) ** Kingfisher **
 * 11) ** Liz Earle **
 * 12) ** Meadowsweet **
 * 13) ** Neal’s Yard Remedies **
 * 14) ** Urtekram **
 * 15) ** Weleda **
 * 16) ** Yaoh **

India Johnson**
 * __Cosmetic Testing Facts__. In Defense of Animals. 12/1/09 .
 * # Cosmetics companies kill millions of animals when testing their products on the animals, even though it doesn’t help out the humans who use the product afterwards.
 * 1) Animal testing is inaccurate and can not be measured to the health hazards of humans.
 * 2) Testing products on animals can be pointless, and some scientist and companies do it anyways to insure the safety of humans.
 * 3) Products are commonly tested on animals to see the types of irritation, toxic usage, and eye tissue damage.
 * 4) The Body Shop and Mary Kay already use humane non-animal testing methods to ensure the safety of their cosmetics.
 * 5) Testing soap and eye shadow would not be as affect a human as it would be tested on a rabbit, since rabbits have extremely sensitive eye tissue it is painful to use any type of product on a rabbits eye.
 * 6) Lethal Dosage (LD) is tests that are used to determine the amount of a substance that will kill a predetermined ratio of animals.
 * 7) Common reactions to LD test to animals are convulsions, vomiting, paralysis and bleeding from the eyes, nose, mouth or rectum.
 * 8) LD tests do not measure human health hazards, but only determine how toxic the product is to the type of animal it was tested on.
 * 9) There are a lot of animal test that have failed but companies still export those products to human society.
 * 10) European Union passed a ban on the use of animals in cosmetics testing starting in 2009, and a complete sales ban effective in 2013.
 * 11) People test on animals so they won’t get sued if something goes bad in their product.
 * 12) They want to protect their company
 * 13) Non-animal testing methods that are more reliable and less expensive have been developed.
 * 14) People are coming up with more humane and effective alternative ways to test cosmetics that do not involve animals.
 * 15) People feel that testing on animals is right, since they’re protecting humans.
 * 16) What people don’t know is that even if the animals don’t show reaction to the product, that doesn’t mean it’s harmful or painful through the process
 * 17) Through out cosmetic testing millions of animals do suffer, and die

__Cosmetic Testing On Animals__. 1997-2009 Cyber Essays. 12.2.09 .
 * India Johnson** ||


 * 1) All types of animals are tested. Mainly rabbits, rats, guinea pigs, cats and dogs.
 * 2) Cosmetics are not required to be tested on animals, but some companies still conduct animal testing.
 * 3) Animals are immobilized in stocks from only their heads protrude.
 * 4) No anesthesia is used during test
 * 5) Lab technicians record the damage
 * 6) Test last seven to eight days
 * 7) Reactions to the substances include swollen eyelids, ulceration, bleeding, swollen irises massive deterioration, and blindness.
 * 8) A substance is forced by tube into the animals stomach or through holes cut in their throats
 * 9) Experimenters observe the animals reactions which can include convulsions, labored breathing, malnutrition, skin eruptions, and bleeding from the eyes, nose, or mouth.

"Animal Testing." //Issues & Controversies On File:// n. pag. //Issues & Controversies//. Facts On File News Services, 1 Sept. 2000. Web. 3 Dec. 2009. <[]>.
 * India Johnson**
 * 1) Opponents of animal testing say that the number of animals killed annually is actually much higher than official estimates
 * 2) Between 60 million and 100 million animals annually
 * 3) Critics say that this frequent duplication of research causes animals needless suffering to death

"Animal Rights: Fur." //Issues & Controversies On File:// n. pag. //Issues & Controversies//. Facts On File News Services, 23 Apr. 1999. Web. 3 Dec. 2009. []
 * India Johnson**
 * 1) People who wore animal fur in fashions shows around 1993 where attacked with paint and called animal killers.
 * 2) The controversy over the use of fur has become a flash point in the long-running debate over animal rights.
 * 3) Is killing animals for clothing any less ethical than using them for food? Are some methods of killing animals for their fur more immoral than others?
 * 4) For many opponents of fur, killing animals simply for pricey clothes, such as mink coats or fox-trimmed jackets, is excessively cruel and unnecessary.
 * 5) Find other alternatives for experimenting, we can find other fabrics to wear.
 * 6) Killing a fox or horse for your own fashion style is not necessary in this day and age.
 * 7) If we’re advancing in technology, we can also advance in the type of products we wear and how we use it.

__The Animals__. PETA. 12.04.09 __< http://www.furisdead.com/animals.asp>.__
 * India Johnson**
 * 1) beavers
 * 2) rabbits
 * 3) foxes
 * 4) minks
 * 5) chinchillas
 * 6) raccoons
 * 7) coyotes
 * 8) bobcats
 * 9) lynxes
 * 10) muskrats
 * 11) otters
 * 12) dogs
 * 13) cats
 * 14) Millions killed each year on fur farms by anal and vaginal electrocution
 * 15) In the wild by drowning, trapping, or beating.
 * 16) May be gassed, electrocuted, poisoned with strychnine, or have their necks snapped
 * 17) Animal testing and using animal fur is not illegal
 * 18) Some methods are not 100 percent effective and some animals "wake up" while being skinned.

Leepson, M., & Leepson, M. (1991, May 24). Animal rights. //CQ Researcher//, //1//, 301-324. Retrieved December 2, 2009, from CQ Researcher Online, __http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher /cqresrre1991052400. __**Andrew Uribe**

1. The rate of animal testing has increased ever since it was first started 2. The rate of animal testing for cosmetics has reduced significantly 3. The scientific community is mounting a counterattack against animal rights movement 4. The AMA, the National Academy of Sciences and federal officials have condemned the over zealousness of animal rights activists and accused them of hindering much-needed medical research 5. Every year in laboratories in the United States and around the world, tens of millions of animals are used in scientific experiments to test everything from suspected carcinogens to the toxicity of anti-per spirants 6. Scientist and animal researchers conclude that animals suffer physical and mental damage for these experiments 7. Scientists and animal researchers defend experiments to this kind as essential to human health 8. Many of the medical breakthroughs of the past century resulted from research using laboratory animals 9. Most Americans accept the use of animals in scientific research necessary, if unfortunate, consequence of society’s need to experiment on non-humans for society’s sake 10. But an increasingly vocal minority wants to ban most, and in some cases all, animal research 11. They say many experiments are needlessly repetitive, inflict unnecessary pain and do not promote human health and safety 12. These individuals are members of the so called “animal rights” movement, which uses a variety of tactics to promote the humane treatment and well-being of animals 13. Their far-ranging concerns include not only the use and abuse of animals in biomedical experimentation, but also animal testing of cosmetics and other non-medical products 14. Also they concerns from the animal rights movements are concern with trapping for fur, hunting, and the dissection of animals in high school and college biology classes and the eating of meat and dairy products 15. The animal rights issue is not new 16. The (ASPCA), the humane society of the United States and other animal welfare groups have been around for over 100 years 17. In the past decade, the animal rights movement has taken on a more militant posture 18. Groups such as People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) have borrowed the tactics of earlier protest movements to help publicize their cause 19. Range from the public demonstrations, media campaigns and boycotts to raid on medical laboratories to “liberate” research animals 20. These tactics have brought unprecedented public attention to the issue of animal’s rights 21. In the past few years the use of cosmetics testing has reduced significantly and animals used in biomedical research have greatly improved 22. There also is evidence that the animal rights movement's aggressive campaign against the fur industry has led to a drop in sales 23. Groups such as the American Medical Association and the National Academy of Sciences and government officials such as Secretary of Health and Human Services Louis W. Sullivan and former U.S. Surgeon General C. Everett Koop have accused animal rights activists of misleading the public and using terrorist tactics to further their agenda 24. They also say animal rights activists are hampering much-needed medical research. If this trend continues, they say, advances in fighting many diseases, including cancer and AIDS, could be drastically slowed 25. Such concerns have led the research and. scientific communities to launch an aggressive counteroffensive against the animal rights movement 26. The two sides are now using many of the same tactics to win the hearts and minds of the American public 27. Through this emotional climate some fundamental questions have emerged 28. Some, but not all, animal rights activists believe that animals have inherent legal and human rights, just as humans do 29. According to this viewpoint, humans do not have the right to use animals for any reason, including research, recreation or food 30. The vast majority of animal welfare activists are much more concerned about the humane treatment of animals than in the philosophical debate over animal rights 31. Companies that test their products are BenGay, Mary Kay, and many others 32. Companies that oppose of animal testing is The Animal Rights Movements, and PETA and many other more companies to

Alex's Guide to Compassionate Shopping. 12.04.09 __.__
 * Andrew Uribe**

33. Every year, cosmetics kill millions of animals to test their products 34. Animals are being treated cruelly during the cosmetic testing 35. Animal testing is mostly used from cosmetics for make up and soap 36. Animals are being used for cosmetics product such as rabbits and guinea pigs 37. Some of these animals are being used for other cosmetic things and other related thing like guinea pigs are used for sunscreen 38. It causes permanent damage to animals 39. It even sometimes kills the animal being tested 40. There is live authorized animal experiments happening almost every day alone just in the U.S 41. In certain countries, the law specifies that a new drug or substance should be tested on at least 2 animals 42. Almost 9% of the anaesthetized in the laboratory die 43. An estimated 70 million animals are maimed, blinded, scaled, force-fed chemicals, genetically manipulated, and otherwise hurt and killed in the name of science, by private institutions, household product and cosmetics companies, government agencies, educational institutions, and scientific centers 44. Substances we use everyday, such as eye shadow, soap, furniture polish and oven cleaner, may be tested on rats, rabbits, guinea pigs, dogs, cats, and other animals 45. These tests are mainly used to test the degree of harmfulness of products and their ingredients 46. These tests are not required by the law, and they are only done to protect companies from consumer lawsuits 47. There are different tests they do on animals such as chemical assay test, tissue culture test, cell and organ cultures test, clone human cells, human skin patches. Computer and mathematical models

__Cosmetic Testing__. MFA. 12.04.09 .


 * Andrew uribe**

48. Approximately 17-22 million animals are used in research every year 49. Fewer than one dog or cat is used for research for every 50 destroyed by animal pounds 50. They test animal testing all around the world 51. Almost every medical treatment we use has been tested on animals 52. Animals develop anesthetics to prevent human pain and suffering during surgery 53. Substances ranging from eye shadow and soap to furniture polish and oven cleaner are tested on rabbits, rats, guinea pigs, dogs, and other animals, despite the fact that test results do not help prevent or treat human illness or injury 54. In these tests, a liquid, flake, granule, or powdered substance is dropped into the eyes of a group of albino rabbits 55. The animals are often immobilized in stocks from which only their heads protrude 56. They usually don’t receive any anesthesia during the test 57. When they test reactions to the substance include swollen eyelids, inflamed irises, ulceration, bleeding, massive deterioration, and blindness 58. Many animals break their necks as they struggle to escape 59. Acute toxicity tests, commonly called lethal dose or poisoning tests, determine the amount of a substance that will kill a percentage, even up to 100 percent, of a group of test animals 60. The widely used lethal dose 50 (LD50) test was developed in 1927. The LD50 testing period continues until at least 50 percent of the animals die, usually in two to four weeks

Vasen, Debbie. __Cosmetic Testing__. 2006-2009 Love To Know Corp.. 12/2/09 .
 * Trisha Barnhouse**
 * 1) in 1920 women went to salons to get a product put on there eyes to make there eye lashes darker then the women had eye irritation blindness or even death because of the treatment
 * 2) because of this incident it led to main use of cosmetic testing today
 * 3) they mainly use white albino rabbits for testing
 * 4) they use white albino rabbits to test products near the eyes because the rabbits have a hard time naturally washing out irritating products
 * 5) the rabbits are held by bands and then drops of the product are placed into there eyes then researchers will check the rabbits regularly to see if it is damaging there eyes
 * 6) when they test skin products they use rabbits mice or rats
 * 7) they shave a small area on the animals and rub the product on the skin and see what happens
 * 8) when they test perfumes or hair spray they take an animal like a rabbit or mouse or rat and then force them to breath it through a mask and then are watched to see if they have breathing difficulties
 * 9) the main non animal testing labs are called neutral red uptake assay
 * 10) they use human cell in a glass dish they then put the product then they use a dye that reacts differently to dead cells the researchers then watch from a computer and determine if the product is safe to use
 * 11) these types of tests are called in vitro which means in glass
 * 12) the main companies that are against testing with animal are Aveda, Avon, Clinique makeup, and Estee Lauder
 * 13) there are also many other companies that don’t do animal testing for there products
 * 14) in some studies they give the animals painkillers to decrease the suffering of the animal
 * 15) the animal welfare act says that random lab checks can be to done to makes sure that animals are well cared for
 * 16) the animal welfare act created standards for handling and care for all the animals
 * 17) animals have been used for testing for over 2000 years
 * 18) the testing of animals has dropped over the years because of animal activists
 * 19) they mainly do animal testing on rabbits mice and rats
 * 20) the main products they use on them is skin products eye products and hair spray and perfume
 * 1) the main products they use on them is skin products eye products and hair spray and perfume

[]>. [|//**"China Cosmetic Industry: Animal And Alternative Testing."Mondaq Business Briefing__ 1. __www.highbeam.com 6 May 2009: The Gale Group. 12/3/09**// .] ||
 * Trisha Barnhouse**
 * 1) many people think that the Animal Welfare Act is ineffective and that the laws are not enforced
 * 2) as a result lab animals are abused injured isolated and kept in dirty cages
 * 3) the animal welfare act doesn’t apply to mice and rats
 * 4) mice and rats are the main animals used in testing
 * 5) animal advocates say that the law needs to apply to mice and rats and needs to be enforced more
 * 6) USDA officials complain that the law does not give them enough power to punish animal dealers and breeders who violate the law
 * 7) Many of these businesses are licensed to sell animals to researchers
 * 8) Under current laws an inspector who finds someone in violation of the law can not shut them down immediately they have to wait through a long period of time through a hearing during this time the violator could still be operating
 * 9) They want the law to be changed so that an inspector can revoke the license immediately
 * 10) They also say that the fines that are given to the violators are much to low the fines are usually about $300
 * 11) Many of the violators take these fines as a cost of doing business and get the money back by just selling more
 * 12) Its estimated that over 22million animals are used for testing each year
 * 13) After they are used in experiments many are killed to study there tissue
 * 14) Between 80% and 90% of animals used in experiments are rats and mice
 * 15) Monkeys, dogs, cats, guinea pigs and rabbits are the other animals that are used in experiments
 * 16) One of the main arguments against animal testing is that much of it is unnecessary
 * 17) Many researchers duplicate experiments and cause animals more unnecessary pain and suffering and even death
 * 18)  In September 1995 a man named Robert Toricelli introduced a bill called the Animal Experimentation Right to Know Act it created a database that alerted researchers to experiments on animals that have already been done
 * 19)  His bill was backed by animal welfare groups but was opposed by most animal researchers and failed to win support in the house
 * 20)  Many people argue because animals are so different from us that the results of experiments could be misleading
 * 21)  Animal testing can be very helpful in medical terms animal testing has saved many lives
 * 22)  Many people argue that animal testing can not be replaced by computers and such because they say that even the most sophisticated computers can not replace how living things react to products
 * Trisha Barnhouse**
 * 1) 2 bans on testing cosmetics were introduced in the European Union the first effective march 11 2009
 * 2) The 2nd coming in march 2013
 * 3) EU based cosmetics manufacturers and distributors will cease using animal for testing and the importation of cosmetics tested on animals outside the EU, and be committed to the development of non-animal based alternatives instead.